The community of Piedmont is located about 3.5 miles northwest of Matoaka.  The Piedmont Coal & Coke Company leased 1,108 acres of coal land there on Jan. 27, 1903 and began shipping coal in October 1904.  In July 1909, the American Coal Company of Alleghany County bought the Piedmont mine and operated it until the mine worked out in 1957.  

Originally chartered in 1856. So named because of its location at the foot of the mountain, Allegheny Front, which is known to travelers on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad as "the seventeen mile grade".

Population, 1014; elevation, 871 feet; volunteer fire department; elections held every two years on the second Monday in May; officials take office June first.